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Źródło: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20120228-why-do-we-need-to-sleep

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Science

Why do we need to sleep?

Why do we need to sleep?

The question still perplexeswprawia w zakłopotanie scientists, but there are now several intriguingintrygujący theoriesteorie that explain our need for a daily nap.

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Some people need eight hours. Others can exististnieć on four. But the bottom linesedno sprawy is that everybody needs sleep - it is as essentialniezbędny as breathing and eating. Yet, despite decades of studybadanie, scientists still do not know why we do it.

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However, there are some intriguingintrygujący clues and theories. One obvious clue is that we all feel better after a good night’s sleepdobry nocny sen, and much worse if deprivedpozbawiony of a decent night’s rest. In humans the need for sleep gets so strong after a few days that nothing will keep you awake – with reports of people falling asleep standing upzasypianie na stojąco, even whilst being kicked or having intolerablynie do zniesienia loud music played at them. Within days of having no sleep, people report confusiondezorientacja, forgetfulnesszapominalstwo and hallucinationshalucynacje. (In case you are wondering, the world record for going without sleepbez snu is eleven days.)

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But saying that we sleep because we are tired is rather liketrochę jak / raczej jak saying we eat because we are hungry – it is why we sleep, but not necessarily why we need it.

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Memory aid

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One theory that has emerged in recent years is that sleep helps us to process and consolidateutrwalać, wzmacniać, integrować new memories. Our memory system is a psychologicalpsychologiczny wonder, and several studies have suggested that sleep provides some behind-the-sceneszakulisowy, niewidoczny na pierwszy rzut oka maintenancepodtrzymywanie, konserwacja, utrzymanie.

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For instance, Matthew Walker and colleagueskoledzy z pracy / współpracownicy from the University of California gave volunteersochotnicy aptitudeuzdolnienie, predyspozycja tests like remembering sequencessekwencje, ciągi of patternswzory, układy fired at themw ich kierunku / do nich on a computer. Half the volunteersochotnicy learned these patternswzory, układy in the morning, and half in the evening. To test their memories he got them back into the labsprowadził ich z powrotem do laboratorium – the morning learners returned after a full daycały dzień of being awakeobudzony, nie śpiący, the evening learners came back after a night's sleepnoc snu, przespana noc. Sure enough, those who were allowed to sleep had better recallprzypomnienie sobie, odtworzenie z pamięci of the test patternswzory, układy­.

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By the way, there is good news for siestadrzemka poobiednia, sjesta or powernap loversmiłośnicy krótkich drzemek. Similar comparisons indicatewskazywać, sugerować that you can get a memory boostpoprawa pamięci, wzmocnienie pamięci from a daytime nap. So, if you have been studying or working hard in the morning, do not be too hard on yourself if you fancy closing your eyes for a while.

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One school of thoughtjedna z teorii / jeden z poglądów is that sleep aidswspomaga, pomaga our memories by refreshingodświeżający, regenerujący and reorganisingprzeorganizowując, porządkując na nowo them without interferingzakłócając, przeszkadzając with our wakingczuwania, na jawie thoughts. Evidence comes from several studies using methods that record the brain directly. For instancena przykład, when rats were trained to find their way around a mazelabirynt, their brains produced the same activity patternswzorce, układy during sleep as when they had carried outwykonali, przeprowadzili the task – suggestingsugerując, wskazując na that the brain was reconstructingodtwarzając, rekonstruując the experiencedoświadczenie, przeżycie.

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A rest might help ease bad experiences, too. A study published last year by Walker’s group has posedwysunęła; przedstawiła the intriguingintrygujący; ciekawy suggestion that the brain might also deal with the memory of unpleasant or traumatictraumatyczny; urazowy events during sleep (3).

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Dream on

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From this we also gain an important insightwgląd, cenny wgląd into the fascinatingfascynujący, niezwykle interesujący phenomenonzjawisko of dreams. These crazy adventures our minds have while we are sleeping may be a product of our memorieswspomnienia randomly activating so as topo to, aby keep them fresh, and of the mind seeking connections between all the things we have recently experienced. This could also explain why hallucinations accompanytowarzyszyć, występować wraz z sleep deprivationpozbawienie, niedobór. Without the opportunity to reorganiseprzeorganizować our memorieswspomnienia during sleep, dreams intrudewtargnąć, wdzierać się into our waking livesżycie na jawie, causing difficulty in distinguishing our inner livesżycie wewnętrzne from realityrzeczywistość.

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Much of this is informedoparty na wiedzy; dobrze poinformowany speculationspekulacja; przypuszczenie. It is likely that as well asjak również; a także fine-tuningdopracowywanie; precyzyjne dostosowywanie our brains, our bodies use this opportunity to carry outwykonywać, przeprowadzać a list of housekeepingporządki; czynności administracyjne/techniczne taskszadania, for instancena przykład, repairingnaprawianie; regenerowanie damageduszkodzony; zniszczony cellskomórki.

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But some scientists argue that the purpose of sleep may not be restorativeregenerujący, przywracający siły. In fact, they argue that the very question "why do we sleep?" is mistakenbłędny, mylny, and that the real question should be "why are we awake?". If you are safe and warm and fed, it is a waste of energystrata energii to be awake and moving around (and possibly getting into trouble). Far better, this argument goes, is to be awake only when you have to and sleep when it suits youto ci odpowiada (4).

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One thing is certain, not only do we have to sleep, but it is good for your mind and body as well. Although everyone needs a different amount of sleep, the averageśrednia; przeciętny is about seven hours – and people who sleep a lot less than this are at a higher riskryzyko of variousróżnorodny; rozmaity illnesses, such as heart disease, and a shortened lifespandługość życia.

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So instead of feeling guilty the next time you fancymieć ochotę na a napdrzemka, think about how much good it will do you.

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